Your nails can show signs of aging as you grow older. Like hair, nails change over time, due to disease, internal processes in the body as it ages, nutritional deficiencies, or external factors like long-term exposure to chemicals or ultraviolet light. Over time, these changes affect growth rate, texture, thickness, shape or contour, and color.
Growth Rate
Nail growth slows slightly over time. The average growth rate is around 3mm per month, though anywhere between 1.8 mm and 4.5 mm is considered normal. Toenails grow about one-third to one-half as quickly as fingernails.
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Nail Texture
With age, nails may become brittle and prone to breaking. Repeated wetting and drying, or exposure to harsh cleaning chemicals or cosmetics like cuticle and nail polish removers, can worsen the problem. More serious brittleness can cause ridges along the length of the nail and fragmenting of the nail tips.Conditions like anemia, hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), and hormonal problems can cause changes in texture, so consult your health provider if you notice significant texture differences in your nails.
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Nail Thickness
Nails may become thicker or thinner with age. Conditions like psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis can also result in thicker nails.4
Fungal infections, which account for about half of all nail disorders and are common in older people, can cause nail thickening and discoloration. The scientific term for a nail fungal infection is “onychomycosis.”
Toenails are particularly vulnerable because shoes provide a warm, moist environment for fungus to grow. Factors that predispose someone to nail fungal infections include:
- Being male
- Diseases like diabetes and immune deficiency conditions
- Smoking
Treatments for fungal nail infections include oral or topical (applied to the nail) anti fungal preparations, which may need to be administered for months.
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As you get older, your nails may change in appearance and texture. Some of these changes happen naturally as you age, while others may be a sign of a medical condition.
See your healthcare provider if you notice significant changes in the texture, thickness, color, or shape of your nails. Your healthcare provider can help determine if the changes are caused by an underlying problem or are a normal sign of aging.